Self-Esteem: the proven facts

 

Self-Esteem

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Global (overall) self-esteem is strongly correlated with happiness and positive mood. Academic self-esteem is more closely related to school marks; whilst they both influence each other, the effect of self-esteem on marks is greater than the reverse.

Global self-esteem (but not academic self-esteem) correlates with well-being in many studies. In Western cultures, satisfaction with self also has a higher correlation with overall satisfaction than any of the other areas examined (such as income, job satisfaction, leisure, religion and health).

Self-esteem, in Western cultures, is also highly correlated with "control expectations" (or mastery). "Perceived constraints" have the opposite effect. People with good "control expectations" tend to be optimists. Not only do they imagine a rosy future, they remember their successes much better than they recall their failures. They dwell on the pleasant. They skip over, although they don’t ignore, their shortcomings.

They believe that any difficulties or setbacks are temporary, specific to just that experience, and not their own fault. They believe they are in control of their lives. The happiest people believe this whether or not it is true. In other words, the most effective way to increase both self-esteem and happiness is to ‘act as if’ you are in control. Researchers found that those who believe that they are in charge of their destiny are happier, healthier and more productive than any other group of people.

Yet their lives are not really any different from those who do not feel in control. Even for those working in the same kinds of jobs, the ones who saw it as a positive experience and felt in control of their lives had 28% more life satisfaction, according to one study.

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